叶类
薄荷叶
Mint leaves
绿色叶片，叶脉明显，叶缘呈锯齿状。
图片为 AI 制作的学习示意，不能用于实物鉴定。 药材认知，不是用药指导。
图录收录 108 种材料的中英文名称和简短外观笔记。类别是游戏的材料部位分组，不是功效或商品库存分类；“根与根茎”是合并类别。图片没有实物比例尺，不能用于判断尺寸、等级、来源或安全性。
先读观察方法与练习专题叶类
叶类
桑叶
Mulberry leaves
叶片较宽，叶脉清晰，边缘有锯齿。
叶类
荷叶
Lotus leaf
叶片宽大，叶脉从中央向四周放射。
叶类
紫苏叶
Perilla leaves
叶片常呈棕紫色，干后卷皱，叶尖较尖，边缘有锯齿。
叶类
枇杷叶
Loquat leaves
叶片长椭圆形，主脉和侧脉明显，叶背有细毛，边缘疏生锯齿。
叶类
银杏叶
Ginkgo leaf
叶片呈扇形，黄绿至浅棕黄色，细密叶脉从叶柄处向外分叉，上缘常有浅缺口。
叶类
艾叶
Mugwort leaves
叶片有不规则深裂，正面灰绿色，背面密覆灰白色绒毛，干后常卷皱。
叶类
番泻叶
Senna leaflets
小叶狭长，黄绿色，叶尖较尖，边缘平滑，叶基两侧略不对称。
叶类
石韦
Pyrrosia leaves
此图为大叶石韦形态：叶片披针形，边缘平滑略内卷，背面有棕色绒毛与点状孢子囊群。
叶类
大青叶
Isatis leaves
长椭圆至披针形的干叶呈灰绿或黄棕色，叶缘微波状，叶背主脉明显。
叶类
竹叶
Bamboo leaves
狭长叶片逐渐收成尖端，叶脉近乎平行，叶背颜色较浅。
叶类
罗布麻叶
Dogbane leaves
灰绿色的小椭圆至披针形叶片，叶缘有细齿并略反卷，叶柄较短。
叶类
番石榴叶
Guava leaves
叶片长椭圆形，边缘较平滑，主脉和成对侧脉明显，叶背颜色较浅。
花类
花类
菊花
Chrysanthemum
浅黄色花头，具有多层细小花瓣。
花类
玫瑰花
Rose buds
紧拢的紫红色花蕾，外侧有绿色或褐绿色花萼。
花类
金银花
Honeysuckle
细长弯曲的花蕾，多呈淡黄或黄绿色。
花类
红花
Safflower
干燥小花呈橙红色或红色，细长的花冠顶端分成窄小裂片。
花类
辛夷
Magnolia buds
未开放的花蕾呈长卵形，外层覆有灰白色或灰绿色细毛。
花类
丁香
Clove buds
干燥花蕾呈棕色小钉状，下部细长，上端为圆拢的花瓣。
花类
槐米
Pagoda tree buds
细小的卵形花蕾，黄绿色花萼包住尚未开放的黄白色花瓣。
花类
合欢花
Albizia flowers
干花序皱缩成小团，细长弯曲的花呈淡黄至黄褐色，花丝像细线伸出。
花类
密蒙花
Buddleja buds
干燥小花蕾密集在细枝上，形成小簇，表面有细绒毛，整体呈灰黄至黄棕色。
花类
夏枯草
Prunella spikes
干燥果穗呈棕红色短条状，多层成对苞片排列成环，苞片上可见脉纹。
花类
款冬花
Coltsfoot buds
未开放的干花蕾细长，上端稍粗，外包紫褐色鳞片，基部有短梗。
花类
鸡冠花
Cockscomb inflorescence
干燥花序呈扁平而厚的皱褶状，常见暗红或紫红色，表面密布细小花残片。
花类
鸡蛋花
Dried frangipani flowers
干花呈黄棕至褐色，五片卷皱的花瓣旋转排列，基部合成细管。
果实类
果实类
枸杞
Goji berries
红色、细长，表面有明显皱纹。
果实类
红枣
Red dates
椭圆形果实，干燥后表皮红褐且有皱纹。
果实类
山楂
Hawthorn
圆形果片，边缘红褐，中间可见种子腔。
果实类
桂圆肉
Dried longan
干燥果肉呈黄褐色，常卷曲成不规则片状。
果实类
罗汉果
Monk fruit
干果近球形或椭圆形，外壳薄而褐，破开后可见浅棕色果瓤和种子。
果实类
砂仁
Amomum fruit
椭圆形干果表面棕褐，有密集短刺状突起，内部种子聚成团。
果实类
五味子
Schisandra berries
果实小而近圆形，表皮暗红或紫红，带有不规则皱纹和轻微光泽。
果实类
栀子
Gardenia fruit
椭圆形干果呈红黄至红棕色，表面有明显纵棱，顶端常留有干燥花萼。
果实类
佛手
Finger citron
薄片边缘黄绿或金黄，内瓤浅黄白，部分切片顶端保留指状裂瓣。
果实类
桑椹
Dried mulberry fruit
长圆形果穗由许多小果组成，干后紫黑色，表面密布皱缩的小颗粒。
果实类
八角茴香
Star anise
红棕色木质果实，通常由八个尖瓣围成星形，部分裂口可见光滑种子。
果实类
乌梅
Smoked plum
干果近圆形或稍扁，表面棕黑至乌黑，皱缩不平，基部可见小果梗痕。
果实类
丝瓜络
Loofah fibre
来自成熟果实的网状纤维，黄白色，呈长筒状或切段，横切面可见空腔。
果实类
连翘
Forsythia fruit
此图为黄翘形态：细长果壳裂成两瓣，外侧黄棕、有纵沟，内面较光滑。
果实类
牛蒡子
Burdock fruit
干果小而扁长，灰褐色表面有细斑点和纵棱；不是外层带钩刺的果球。
果实类
小茴香
Fennel fruit
黄绿色的小果实细长而略弯，表面有数道突出的纵棱，两端较尖。
果实类
枳实
Immature bitter orange
小半球形幼果，外皮暗绿褐，切面有厚的浅色果皮环和褐色小果瓤。
果实类
荜茇
Long pepper
短柱状的深褐色果穗略弯，表面密布排列整齐的小颗粒，基部留有短梗。
果实类
木瓜
Flowering quince fruit
此处为贴梗海棠的干燥果实，不是番木瓜；纵切半片外皮红褐皱缩，边缘内卷。
果实类
紫苏子
Perilla fruit
近圆形的细小干果，灰棕至棕色，表面有细密网纹，一端有浅色小点。
果皮类
果皮类
陈皮
Dried citrus peel
卷曲的果皮，外侧橙褐色，内侧较浅。
果皮类
青皮
Green citrus peel
此图为四花青皮：果皮分成相连的四瓣，外侧灰绿、内侧淡黄白。
果皮类
冬瓜皮
Winter melon peel
干燥外层果皮呈薄片或卷片，外侧灰绿至灰白，内侧较粗糙，部分可见细脉。
根与根茎
根与根茎
甘草
Licorice root
切片呈浅黄色，边缘可见褐色外皮。
根与根茎
干姜
Dried ginger
不规则根茎切片，切面浅黄，纤维纹理明显。
根与根茎
黄芪
Astragalus root
根部常切成长椭圆片，切面浅黄色，有纵向纹理。
根与根茎
党参
Codonopsis root
细长根条略弯曲，表面有纵向皱纹，根头附近可见环纹。
根与根茎
山药
Chinese yam
去皮后的干燥块段或切片呈白色至淡黄色，断面有粉质感。
根与根茎
麦冬
Ophiopogon tubers
块根中间饱满、两端较尖，表面淡黄色，带有细纵纹。
根与根茎
当归
Chinese angelica
根头较粗，下部分成多条弯曲支根，黄棕色表面带纵向皱纹。
根与根茎
白芍
White peony root
切片呈圆形或椭圆形，切面灰白，细密纹理从中心向外放射。
根与根茎
白术
Atractylodes rhizome
不规则根茎切片，外缘灰棕，浅黄白色切面可见散在的小棕色点。
根与根茎
葛根
Kudzu root
长方形厚片或小块，切面黄白，断口可见较明显的纤维。
根与根茎
黄精
Polygonatum rhizome
根茎呈相连的结节状，表面黄棕、有皱纹，部分位置可见环节和茎痕。
根与根茎
丹参
Danshen root
根条细长，表面棕红或暗红色，带有明显纵向皱纹，部分可见分枝。
根与根茎
桔梗
Balloonflower root
根条淡黄白色，略弯曲，带纵向皱纹；厚片切面较白，可见浅棕色环纹。
根与根茎
板蓝根
Isatis root
根条细长，灰黄色表面有纵纹和横向疤痕，断面外圈黄白、中央较黄；不是蓝色。
根与根茎
大黄
Rhubarb rhizome
此图为根茎厚片：切面黄棕色，带浅色网纹，髓部可见棕色星点。
根与根茎
玄参
Figwort root
根条中部较粗，灰褐色外皮有纵沟，断面黑色并略带光泽。
根与根茎
柴胡
Bupleurum root
细长的褐色根条逐渐变尖，表面有纵皱纹，根头留有短茎痕。
根与根茎
半夏
Pinellia tubers
近圆形的淡黄白色块茎，上端有凹陷茎痕，周围分布细小根痕。
根与根茎
泽泻
Alisma tuber
块茎圆形或卵圆形，表面淡黄褐，有浅环纹和点状根痕，切面较白。
根与根茎
黄连
Coptis rhizome
此图为味连形态：弯曲的根茎聚成小簇，外皮黄褐，切面鲜黄色。
根与根茎
知母
Anemarrhena rhizome
长条根茎略扁，表面棕褐有密集环节，上侧可见浅色叶基残片。
根与根茎
生地黄
Dried rehmannia root
干燥根块不规则而稍扁，外皮灰黑且皱缩，断面紫黑并略有光泽。
根与根茎
防风
Saposhnikovia root
根条细长而渐尖，灰黄褐色，根头附近有较密的环纹，根身带纵纹。
根与根茎
白芷
Dahurian angelica root
较粗的锥形根，灰褐色外皮有横向突起，白色切面边缘可见小棕点。
根与根茎
香附
Cyperus rhizome
小根茎呈纺锤形，褐黑色，表面有数道横环纹和细纵棱，部分留有根毛。
根与根茎
莪术
Zedoary rhizome
块状根茎一端较尖，黄褐色表面有环纹及成排根痕，切面浅黄至灰黄。
根与根茎
姜黄
Turmeric rhizome
根茎呈短条或分枝状，黄褐色表面有环纹，切面金黄至橙黄。
根与根茎
三七
Notoginseng root
短而粗的根块，表面灰黄褐、有纵纹和突起，顶端可见茎痕。
根与根茎
北沙参
Glehnia root
细长的浅黄白色根条逐渐变细，表面有细纵沟和点状根痕。
根与根茎
牛膝
Achyranthes root
根条细长、略弯曲，黄褐色表面有细纵纹，切面中央颜色较深。
根与根茎
白及
Bletilla tubers
扁平的黄白色块茎常分成两三条短指状分枝，表面有环纹和细根痕。
根与根茎
天麻
Gastrodia tuber
长椭圆块茎略扁，浅黄褐色，表面有纵皱纹和横排芽点，一端留有深色芽痕。
皮类
皮类
肉桂
Cinnamon bark
树皮卷成槽状或筒状，内侧红褐，外侧较粗糙。
皮类
黄柏
Phellodendron bark
树皮呈板片或浅槽状，内侧暗黄，断面可见黄色纤维层。
皮类
杜仲
Eucommia bark
树皮外侧灰棕、内侧暗紫褐，折断处可见相连的细白丝。
皮类
厚朴
Magnolia bark
此图为干皮：厚片卷成筒状，外面灰褐而粗糙，内面紫棕色并带细纵纹。
皮类
桑白皮
Mulberry root bark
浅黄白色的薄根皮呈长条或卷片，内侧有纵向纤维，折断边缘可见细丝。
皮类
地骨皮
Lycium root bark
短小的根皮卷成筒状或槽状，外侧灰褐而粗糙，内侧较浅，边缘不齐。
皮类
秦皮
Ash bark
枝皮卷成浅槽或小筒，外侧灰白至灰褐，有浅色小斑点，内侧浅黄棕。
种子类
种子类
莲子
Lotus seeds
去皮后呈乳白色，形状近椭圆，部分可见中央小孔。
种子类
薏苡仁
Coix seeds
乳白色小颗粒，一侧可见纵向沟纹。
种子类
决明子
Cassia seeds
小种子棕色至绿棕色，近短柱状，表面光滑，可见浅色纵线。
种子类
芡实
Euryale seeds
种仁近圆形，常见半粒或碎粒；去皮后呈白色，部分带红棕色种皮。
种子类
黑芝麻
Black sesame
细小种子扁卵形，一端较尖，表面黑色并略带光泽。
种子类
酸枣仁
Sour jujube seeds
种子扁圆或椭圆，表面紫红至紫褐、较光滑，一面较平，另一面略鼓起。
种子类
木蝴蝶
Oroxylum seeds
种子外围有宽而薄的淡黄白色翅，半透明，带放射状细纹，中部颜色较深。
种子类
胖大海
Sterculia seeds
未浸泡的种子长椭圆形，棕至暗棕色，表面皱缩，一端略尖，可见浅色种脐。
种子类
柏子仁
Arborvitae kernels
种仁长卵形，黄白至浅黄色，一端稍尖，外侧可见薄膜状种皮。
种子类
莱菔子
Radish seeds
小种子卵圆而稍扁，红棕或黄棕色，一侧有浅纵沟，一端带深色种脐。
种子类
桃仁
Peach kernels
扁长的种仁一端尖、一端钝，薄薄的红棕色种皮有细脉纹，内部乳白。
种子类
苦杏仁
Bitter apricot kernels
种仁扁而饱满，近心形，一端尖，棕色薄皮有脉纹，剥开后呈乳白色。
种子类
菟丝子
Dodder seeds
细小的灰黄褐色种子近圆形，表面有微细凹点，一侧稍有凹陷。
种子类
车前子
Plantain seeds
细小种子扁椭圆形，棕色表面有细纹，一侧可见浅色凹陷种脐。
种子类
胡芦巴
Fenugreek seeds
黄褐色种子略呈菱形或不规则角形，表面有一道明显的斜沟。
种子类
白扁豆
White hyacinth beans
种子扁椭圆形，黄白色表面较光滑，边缘有凸起的白色月牙形种脐。
菌类
菌类
茯苓
Poria
菌核切块多为白色或类白色，表面呈细颗粒状。
菌类
灵芝
Reishi
此图为赤芝形态：菌盖近肾形，表面红褐有光泽，带有环状纹路。
菌类
银耳
Snow fungus
干燥菌体由许多薄而卷曲的瓣片组成，呈乳白至淡黄色，整体像一团皱褶。
菌类
猪苓
Polyporus
菌核呈不规则块状，有的带分枝，外皮灰黑且皱缩，断面黄白色；不是蘑菇菌盖。
AI-created learning illustrations, not a guide to identifying real specimens. Herb recognition, not medical advice.
Browse 108 bilingual names and short appearance notes. Categories group material parts for the game, not medicinal effects or available shop stock. Roots and rhizomes share a category. Illustrations have no specimen scale and cannot establish size, grade, provenance or safety.
Read the observation and practice guidesLeaves
Leaves
Mint leaves
薄荷叶
Green leaves with visible veins and serrated edges.
Leaves
Mulberry leaves
桑叶
Broad leaves with prominent veins and serrated edges.
Leaves
Lotus leaf
荷叶
Broad leaves with veins radiating out from the centre.
Leaves
Perilla leaves
紫苏叶
Often brown-purple when dried, the wrinkled leaves have pointed tips and serrated edges.
Leaves
Loquat leaves
枇杷叶
Long oval leaves have a strong midrib, slanting side veins, fine hairs beneath and spaced teeth.
Leaves
Ginkgo leaf
银杏叶
Fan-shaped yellow-green to pale brown-yellow leaves have fine branching veins and often a shallow notch along the upper edge.
Leaves
Mugwort leaves
艾叶
Deeply lobed leaves have grey-green upper faces and a dense whitish felt beneath; dried blades often curl.
Leaves
Senna leaflets
番泻叶
Narrow yellow-green leaflets have pointed tips, smooth edges and slightly asymmetric bases.
Leaves
Pyrrosia leaves
石韦
This large-leaved form has lance-shaped blades with smooth, slightly rolled edges; brown hairs and spore dots occur beneath.
Leaves
Isatis leaves
大青叶
Long oval to lance-shaped dried leaves are grey-green or yellow-brown, with gently wavy margins and a raised midrib beneath.
Leaves
Bamboo leaves
竹叶
Narrow lance-shaped blades taper to sharp tips, with nearly parallel veins and paler undersides.
Leaves
Dogbane leaves
罗布麻叶
Small grey-green oval to lance-shaped leaves have fine teeth, slightly rolled edges and short stalks.
Leaves
Guava leaves
番石榴叶
Long oval leaves have smooth margins, a strong midrib, prominent paired side veins and paler undersides.
Flowers
Flowers
Chrysanthemum
菊花
Pale yellow flower heads with many layers of small petals.
Flowers
Rose buds
玫瑰花
Compact pink-purple buds surrounded by green-brown sepals.
Flowers
Honeysuckle
金银花
Slender curved flower buds in pale yellow and green tones.
Flowers
Safflower
红花
Orange-red dried florets have slender tubes ending in narrow lobes.
Flowers
Magnolia buds
辛夷
Unopened oval buds are covered in soft grey-white or grey-green hairs.
Flowers
Clove buds
丁香
Brown dried flower buds look like tiny nails, with a slender base and a rounded closed head.
Flowers
Pagoda tree buds
槐米
Small oval buds have yellow-green calyces enclosing unopened cream-yellow petals.
Flowers
Albizia flowers
合欢花
Small dried flower clusters have slender curled yellow-brown flowers and long thread-like stamens.
Flowers
Buddleja buds
密蒙花
Small dried buds cluster along slender branchlets; fine hairs cover the grey-yellow to yellow-brown clusters.
Flowers
Prunella spikes
夏枯草
Short brown-red dried fruiting spikes have stacked rings of paired fan-shaped, visibly veined bracts.
Flowers
Coltsfoot buds
款冬花
Unopened dried buds are narrow and club-shaped, wrapped in purple-brown scales above a short stalk.
Flowers
Cockscomb inflorescence
鸡冠花
Flattened thick dried flower heads form folded reddish-purple crests covered in tiny papery flower remnants.
Flowers
Dried frangipani flowers
鸡蛋花
Dried yellow-brown flowers have five curled petals arranged in a pinwheel around a narrow joined tube.
Fruits
Fruits
Goji berries
枸杞
Small elongated red berries with a wrinkled surface.
Fruits
Red dates
红枣
Oval fruits with reddish-brown, wrinkled skin when dried.
Fruits
Hawthorn
山楂
Round fruit slices with a red-brown rim and visible seed cavities.
Fruits
Dried longan
桂圆肉
Amber-brown dried fruit flesh curled into irregular pieces.
Fruits
Monk fruit
罗汉果
Rounded dried fruits have a thin brown shell enclosing pale brown spongy flesh and seeds.
Fruits
Amomum fruit
砂仁
Oval brown dried fruits have dense short spiny bumps around clusters of dark seeds.
Fruits
Schisandra berries
五味子
Small rounded berries have dark red to purplish skin, irregular wrinkles and a slight sheen.
Fruits
Gardenia fruit
栀子
Oval orange-brown dried fruits have prominent lengthwise ridges and often retain dry sepals at the tip.
Fruits
Finger citron
佛手
Thin slices have yellow-green or golden rind, pale pith and sometimes finger-like lobes at the top.
Fruits
Dried mulberry fruit
桑椹
Elongated purple-black dried fruit clusters consist of many small wrinkled fruitlets.
Fruits
Star anise
八角茴香
Reddish-brown woody fruits usually have eight pointed follicles arranged as a star, with smooth seeds visible in some openings.
Fruits
Smoked plum
乌梅
Rounded, slightly flattened dried plums have uneven black-brown wrinkles and a small stalk scar.
Fruits
Loofah fibre
丝瓜络
The dried fruit fibre forms a pale tubular mesh; cut sections reveal hollow chambers.
Fruits
Forsythia fruit
连翘
This ripe dried form splits into two tapered yellow-brown woody halves with grooved outer faces and smoother interiors.
Fruits
Burdock fruit
牛蒡子
Small flattened brown-grey fruits have dark speckles and lengthwise ridges; these are not the hooked outer burrs.
Fruits
Fennel fruit
小茴香
Slender, slightly curved yellow-green fruits have several prominent lengthwise ridges and tapered ends.
Fruits
Immature bitter orange
枳实
Small dried fruit halves have dark green-brown rind, a thick pale pith ring and small brown juice compartments.
Fruits
Long pepper
荜茇
Short curved dark brown fruit spikes have tightly packed diagonal rows of tiny bumps and a short stalk.
Fruits
Flowering quince fruit
木瓜
Dried flowering quince halves, not tropical papaya, have wrinkled red-brown skin, inward-curled edges and a recessed seed cavity.
Fruits
Perilla fruit
紫苏子
Tiny rounded grey-brown fruits have finely netted surfaces and a small pale attachment mark at one end.
Peel
Peel
Dried citrus peel
陈皮
Curled peel with an orange-brown outside and a pale inner surface.
Peel
Green citrus peel
青皮
This four-lobed form has joined peel sections with a grey-green outside and pale inner pith.
Peel
Winter melon peel
冬瓜皮
Thin dried rind pieces curl at the edges, with grey-green outer faces and rougher pale inner surfaces bearing fine fibres.
Roots & rhizomes
Roots & rhizomes
Licorice root
甘草
Pale yellow root slices edged with brown bark.
Roots & rhizomes
Dried ginger
干姜
Irregular rhizome slices with a pale yellow, fibrous interior.
Roots & rhizomes
Astragalus root
黄芪
Long oval root slices with a pale yellow interior and lengthwise grain.
Roots & rhizomes
Codonopsis root
党参
Slender, slightly curved roots with lengthwise wrinkles and rings near the crown.
Roots & rhizomes
Chinese yam
山药
Peeled dried sections or slices are ivory to pale yellow, with a starchy cut surface.
Roots & rhizomes
Ophiopogon tubers
麦冬
Pale yellow spindle-shaped tubers taper at both ends and have fine lengthwise wrinkles.
Roots & rhizomes
Chinese angelica
当归
A thick root crown divides into several curved branches with yellow-brown skin and lengthwise wrinkles.
Roots & rhizomes
White peony root
白芍
Round or oval root slices have a pale grey-white face with fine lines radiating from the centre.
Roots & rhizomes
Atractylodes rhizome
白术
Irregular rhizome slices have grey-brown edges and scattered small brown dots across a pale yellow-white face.
Roots & rhizomes
Kudzu root
葛根
Thick rectangular pieces have a yellow-white cut surface and visibly fibrous broken edges.
Roots & rhizomes
Polygonatum rhizome
黄精
Connected rhizome nodes have wrinkled yellow-brown surfaces, with rings and stem scars in places.
Roots & rhizomes
Danshen root
丹参
Slender branching dried roots have brown-red to dark red skin and pronounced lengthwise wrinkles.
Roots & rhizomes
Balloonflower root
桔梗
Pale cream roots are slightly twisted and wrinkled lengthwise; thick slices show a subtle light brown ring.
Roots & rhizomes
Isatis root
板蓝根
Slender grey-yellow roots have lengthwise wrinkles and crosswise scars; the cut centre is yellow, not blue.
Roots & rhizomes
Rhubarb rhizome
大黄
These thick rhizome slices have yellow-brown faces, pale marbled grain and small brown star-like dots in the pith.
Roots & rhizomes
Figwort root
玄参
Thick tapered roots have grooved grey-brown skin and a nearly black, slightly glossy cut surface.
Roots & rhizomes
Bupleurum root
柴胡
Slender tapering brown roots have lengthwise wrinkles, small branches and short stem remnants at the crown.
Roots & rhizomes
Pinellia tubers
半夏
Rounded ivory tubers have a depressed stem scar surrounded by tiny root marks.
Roots & rhizomes
Alisma tuber
泽泻
Rounded to oval pale brown tubers have shallow rings, dotted root scars and a creamy cut surface.
Roots & rhizomes
Coptis rhizome
黄连
This clustered form has knobbly, bent yellow-brown rhizomes with short root stubs and bright yellow cut ends.
Roots & rhizomes
Anemarrhena rhizome
知母
Long, slightly flattened brown rhizomes have closely spaced nodes and straw-coloured leaf-base remnants along the upper side.
Roots & rhizomes
Dried rehmannia root
生地黄
Irregular, slightly flattened dried roots have deeply wrinkled dark skin and a purplish-black, slightly glossy interior.
Roots & rhizomes
Saposhnikovia root
防风
Tapered grey-yellow-brown roots have dense rings near the crown and lengthwise wrinkles along the body.
Roots & rhizomes
Dahurian angelica root
白芷
Thick conical roots have grey-brown skin with raised crosswise bumps and a white cut face dotted near the rim.
Roots & rhizomes
Cyperus rhizome
香附
Small spindle-shaped dark brown rhizomes have crosswise rings, fine lengthwise ridges and occasional root hairs.
Roots & rhizomes
Zedoary rhizome
莪术
Tapered chunky rhizomes have yellow-brown ringed skin, rows of root scars and pale yellow-grey cut surfaces.
Roots & rhizomes
Turmeric rhizome
姜黄
Short branching rhizomes have ringed yellow-brown skin and a dense golden-orange interior.
Roots & rhizomes
Notoginseng root
三七
Short chunky roots have grey-yellow-brown wrinkled skin, knobbly branch scars and a stem scar at the top.
Roots & rhizomes
Glehnia root
北沙参
Long slender ivory roots taper gradually, with fine lengthwise grooves and small dotted root scars.
Roots & rhizomes
Achyranthes root
牛膝
Slender, slightly curved yellow-brown roots have fine lengthwise wrinkles and a darker centre within the pale cut face.
Roots & rhizomes
Bletilla tubers
白及
Flattened ivory tubers form two or three short blunt branches, with concentric ridges and small root marks.
Roots & rhizomes
Gastrodia tuber
天麻
Flattened oval pale brown tubers have lengthwise wrinkles, crosswise rows of bud dots and a dark bud remnant at one end.
Bark
Bark
Cinnamon bark
肉桂
Curled bark with a reddish-brown inside and rough outer surface.
Bark
Phellodendron bark
黄柏
Flat or shallowly curved bark pieces have a dark yellow inner face and layered yellow fibres at the edges.
Bark
Eucommia bark
杜仲
Grey-brown bark has a dark purplish inner face, with fine white threads bridging a break.
Bark
Magnolia bark
厚朴
This trunk-bark form curls into thick rolls with rough grey-brown outer surfaces and finely lined purple-brown inner faces.
Bark
Mulberry root bark
桑白皮
Thin ivory root-bark strips curl along the edges, with lengthwise fibres and frayed broken ends.
Bark
Lycium root bark
地骨皮
Short tubular or trough-shaped root-bark pieces have rough grey-brown outer faces, paler interiors and uneven edges.
Bark
Ash bark
秦皮
Curled branch-bark pieces have grey-white to grey-brown outer faces with pale lenticel dots and yellow-brown interiors.
Seeds
Seeds
Lotus seeds
莲子
Peeled ivory oval seeds, some with a small central opening.
Seeds
Coix seeds
薏苡仁
Small off-white kernels with a lengthwise groove on one side.
Seeds
Cassia seeds
决明子
Small brown to green-brown seeds resemble short cylinders with smooth faces and pale lengthwise lines.
Seeds
Euryale seeds
芡实
Rounded kernels often occur as halves or fragments, white inside with patches of reddish-brown seed coat.
Seeds
Black sesame
黑芝麻
Small flattened oval seeds taper at one end and have a slightly glossy black surface.
Seeds
Sour jujube seeds
酸枣仁
Flattened rounded seeds have smooth red-brown to purplish surfaces, with one flatter face and one slightly rounded face.
Seeds
Oroxylum seeds
木蝴蝶
Broad, thin ivory wings surround a darker seed centre, with translucent papery surfaces and radiating fine veins.
Seeds
Sterculia seeds
胖大海
Unsoaked seeds are elongated brown ovals with wrinkled shells, a slightly pointed end and a pale seed scar.
Seeds
Arborvitae kernels
柏子仁
Ivory to pale yellow elongated kernels taper slightly at one end and retain a thin membranous coat.
Seeds
Radish seeds
莱菔子
Small flattened oval seeds are red-brown to yellow-brown, with shallow grooves and a dark seed scar.
Seeds
Peach kernels
桃仁
Flattened elongated kernels taper at one end, with a veined reddish-brown seed coat enclosing ivory cotyledons.
Seeds
Bitter apricot kernels
苦杏仁
Plump flattened heart-shaped kernels have pointed tips, thin veined brown coats and ivory interiors.
Seeds
Dodder seeds
菟丝子
Tiny rounded grey-yellow-brown seeds have finely pitted hard coats and a slight indentation on one side.
Seeds
Plantain seeds
车前子
Tiny flattened oval brown seeds have finely textured surfaces and a small pale depressed scar on one side.
Seeds
Fenugreek seeds
胡芦巴
Angular yellow-brown seeds resemble small uneven diamonds, with a distinctive deep slanting groove.
Seeds
White hyacinth beans
白扁豆
Flattened ivory oval beans have smooth faces and a prominent raised white crescent-shaped scar along the edge.
Fungi
Fungi
Poria
茯苓
White to off-white sclerotium pieces with a finely granular surface.
Fungi
Reishi
灵芝
This red reishi illustration shows a glossy reddish-brown, kidney-shaped cap with concentric ridges.
Fungi
Snow fungus
银耳
The dried fungus forms a cluster of thin curled lobes, ivory to pale yellow, with many folded edges.
Fungi
Polyporus
猪苓
Irregular, sometimes branching sclerotium pieces have wrinkled grey-black skins and ivory interiors, not mushroom caps.